Most foreign nationals need a work permit to work in Canada, and permits come in two broad families: employer-specific permits (often requiring an LMIA) and open work permits. Knowing which path fits your situation saves months.
Employer-specific permits and the LMIA
A Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) is a document a Canadian employer obtains to show that hiring a foreign worker will not negatively affect the Canadian labour market — typically by proving they advertised the job and could not find a qualified Canadian or permanent resident. With a positive LMIA, the worker applies for a permit tied to that employer, position, and location.
LMIA-exempt employer-specific permits
Not every employer-specific permit needs an LMIA. Exemptions exist under international agreements, intra-company transfers, and programs where the work brings significant benefit to Canada. Employers use the Employer Portal and pay a compliance fee instead.
Open work permits
Open permits let you work for almost any employer in Canada. Common routes include spouses of certain workers and students, applicants in the inland stream of spousal sponsorship, post-graduation work permits for eligible graduates, and permits tied to specific programs or humanitarian situations. Eligibility rules for each category are specific and change over time — since January 2025, for example, spousal open work permits are limited to spouses of certain students and higher-skilled workers. Always confirm current criteria before planning around one.
For employers
The LMIA process is document-heavy: recruitment records, wage compliance, a genuine business need, and clean prior compliance history all matter. Errors commonly cost employers months of restarting — and in the Toronto area, including Brampton, most low-wage LMIAs currently can't be processed at all. We assist Canadian employers through the process end to end as part of our LMIA and work permit services.
Canadian work experience also counts toward permanent residence, so it is worth knowing how your permit fits a longer plan — our guide to Express Entry and the Provincial Nominee Programs explains how that experience is scored.
Whether you are a worker choosing a pathway or an employer trying to hire, book a consultation — we will map the realistic options for your exact situation.
Written by Meena Sharma, RCIC-IRB
Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant licensed by the CICC and authorized to represent clients before the Immigration and Refugee Board. This article is general information, not legal advice.